Dalam bahasa Inggris Present Tense atau Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kejadian, kegiatan, aktivitas dan sebagainya yang terjadi yang dilakukan berulang-ulang (repeated action) atau merupakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action). Present Tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu Fakta, atau sesuatu yang tejadi berulang-ulang dimasa KINI. Ingat, PRESENT artinya adalah kini, sekarang.
Formula:
(+) S (I, We, You, They) + Verb1
(+) S (She, He, It) + Verb1 + s/es
( - ) S (I, We, You, They) + Don’t + Verb1
( - ) S (She, He, It) + Doesn’t + Verb1
( ? ) DO/DOES + S + Verb1
1.1 Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kejadian, kegiatan, aktivitas dan sebagainya yang terjadi yang dilakukan berulang-ulang (repeated action) atau merupakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action)
Example :
1. I Study English every Monday and Thursday
2. You water the flowers every afternoon
3. We play tennis every Saturday afternoon
4. They leave for office at 7 o’clock every morning
5. Father always drinks tea in the afternoon
1.2 Simple present tense digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu fakta (fact) atau suatu kebenaran umum (general truth)
Example :
1. The sun shines in the east and sets in the west
2. Bengawan Solo runs into java sea
3. The earth and moon go round the sun
4. Vegetarians don’t eat meat and fish
1.3 Untuk menunjukan suatu jadwal atau program yang akan dilakukan atau terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang
Example :
1. The book exhibition opens at 10.00 today
2. The first train leaves at 7.30 a.m
3. The football match starts at 04.00 p.m tomorrow
1.4 Dalam Kalimat Positif kalau Subjectnya He, She, It, Alex, Trisno, atau Orang ketiga TUNGGAL maka kata kerjanya tambah S atau ES. Tidak sembarang tambah S atau ES juga nih, ada daftarnya. Daftarnya itu bayak sekali, mustahal saya tulis disini, cape dehh nulisnya, heehe
Example :
1. He works in the office five days a week
2. Alex goes swimming with his friends every morning
3. Mother serves our breakfast every morning.
1.5 Kalimat Negatif Present Tense
Bentuk Negatif, artinya menyatakan TIDAK. Maka sesuai rumus Present Tense, setelah SUBJECT ditambah DO atau DOES, baru NOT, lalu tambah kata kerja bentuk pertama tanpa S atau ES lagi. S atau ES nya dimana? Sudah di doES tadi.
Untuk I, We, You, They tambah Do
Untuk He, She, It, tambah Does
Example :
1. You don’t drink a glass of milk every morning
2. She doesn’t work in the office every morning
3. Alex doesn’t study English twice a week.
1.6 Kalimat Tanya Present Tense
Kalimat tanya untuk Present Tense sesuai rumus diatas, atau saya tulis lagi seperti ini:
DO/DOES + S + V1
Sama saja pasangannya. Untuk I, WE, YOU, THEY gunakan DO. Untuk SHE, HE, IT, gunakan DOES.
Contohnya begini:
1. Do they go swimming every Saturday ?
2. Does Alex study English twice a week ?
3. Does He type many letters every day ?
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Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan, mengatakan suatu yang sedang terjadi saat ini, sedang berlangsung saat ini. Misalnya: Saya sedang menulis sekarang, Anda saat ini sedang membaca pelajaran Present Continuous Tense yang saya tulis, Saya sedang jatuh cinta, dsb. Ada gambaran kan?
Formula:
( + ): S + Tobe (am/is/are) + Ving
( - ): S + Tobe(am/is/are)+ Not + Ving
( ? ): Tobe(am/is/are) + S + Ving
2.1 Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan, mengatakan suatu yang sedang terjadi saat ini, sedang berlangsung saat ini
Example :
1. Father is working in the office now
2. Alex is repairing he car now
3. They are doing their English exercises.
2.2 Present Continous Tense digunakan untuk menunjukan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan pada waktu mendatang yang telah direncanakan atau ditentukan sebelumnya
Example:
1. I am having an important meeting in the office tomorrow afternoon
2. Alex is meeting his mother at the airport tomorrow morning
3. They are spending their holidays in Europe next year.
2.3 Digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang bersifat sementara
Example
1. I am still staying at my uncle’s until get a house to rent
2. Alex Is always busy at home because he is working on his thesis
3. This new washing machine is not working well
2.4 Digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu keadaan atau situasi yang berubah-ubah
Example :
1. The daily living cost is increasing rapidly in the last two
2. The population of India n China is rising very fast
3. Our economic situation is getting better this year.
2.5 Kalimat Negatif Untuk Present Continuous Tense
Mudah saja kalimat Negatifnya, tinggal tambahkan NOT setelah Tobe. Ingat rumusnya kan? Yes, Anda benar, rumusnya: S + Tobe + Not + Ving.
Example :
1. I am not swimming with my friends
2. Alex isn’t copying her lesson in the class room
3. They aren’t discussing their next plan in that room
2.6 Kalimat Tanya Present Continuous Tense
Tinggal Tobenya taruh depan, Ingat rumusnya kan? Harus ingat nih rumus, karena tidak bisa pake kalkulator untuk urusan rumus tenses ini. Kalau Anda sering praktekkan, sering pake maka rumus ini meresep sendiri di dalam otak Anda, hilang menjadi ketrampilan otomatis. Sebelum itu terjadi maka silahkan install rumus ini dengan cara memahaminya dan menggunakannya sesering mungkin. Pasti deh Anda bisa.
Example :
1. Is she doing her homework ?
2. Are you copiying the lesson in this room ?
3. Is your mother still cooking in the kitchen ?
********************2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2*********************
Formula :
( + ) : S + have/has + V3
( - ) : S + have/sas Not + V3
( ? ) : Have/has + S + V3
3.1 digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang
Example :
1. We have occupied this for seven years
2. Alex has studied English for six years
3. They have lived here for ten years
3.2 digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang atau akibatnya dapat dilihat atau dirasakan sekarang
Example :
1. My Father has bought a new car
2. Alex has passed from senior high school
3. My Brother has got married
3.3 Kalimat Negative : dibentuk dengan menambahkan Not sesudah have/has ditempatkan sesudah subjek kalimat
Example :
1. He hasn’t done his homework
2. They haven’t met me before
3. Father hasn’t paid his installment for this month
3.4 Kalimat Tanya : dengan menenmpatkan Have/has didepan kalimat Tanya
Example :
1. Has Alex passed from senior high school ?
2. Have you got a job in this city ?
3. Has She made an appointment to see uor manager ?
Formula :
( + ) : S + have/has + been + Ving
( - ) : S + have/has + not + been + Ving
( ? ) : Have/has + S + been + Ving
4.1 Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu lampau, yang masih berlangsung sampai sekarang dan masih akan terus pada waktu yang akan datang
Example :
1. The children have been swimming for nearly 2 hours
2. My Sister has been staying in England for 3 years
3. Alex has been working for this company for 7 months
4.2 Present perfect continuous tense dengan “since atau for “, untuk menunjukan bahwa suatu kegiatan telah terjadi atau dilakukan berulang-ulang
Example :
1. The man has been playing football since he was still 10 years old
2. Alex has been collecting stamps since she was still 6 years old
3. You Father has been smoking since he was still twenty years old
4.3 Kalimat Tanya
Kalimat Tanya dalam present perfect continuous tense dibentuk dengan menempatkan auxiliary have atau has di depan subjek kalimat
Example :
1. Have you been living in this city since you were still a child ?
2. Has She been waiting for me long ?
3. Have Alex been studying English for 6 months ?
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V. Simple Past Tense
simple Past Tense digunakan untuk fakta-fakta atau peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau.
Contoh:
• I played tennis with some guys from work yesterday.
• We stayed in Shanghai for five days.
Kata kerja simple past tense (kata kerja bentuk ke-2) yang reguler dibentuk dengan menambahkan “-ed” pada akhiran kata kerja.
Contoh:
• jump -> jumped: The dog jumped over the fence.
• walk -> walked: I walked 22 kilometers yesterday.
• work -> worked: We worked together as lawyers for 15 years.
Kegunaan
5.1 Simple Past tense digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu
S + V2
Example :
1. My Father bought this car last year
2. They went to Tokyo last month
3. She went home two minutes ago
4. I Phoned my friend at his house yesterday
5. Alex left this place two days ago
5.2 Kalimat Menyangkal ( Negative Sentence )
Kalimat negatif simple past tense dibuat dengan did dan not. Did adalah bentuk lampau dari kata kerja to do. Did dan not sering disingkat menjadi didn’t.
S + did not + V1
Contoh:
- I arrived in London on Monday -> I didn’t arrive on Sunday.
- They stayed at the Vivaldi Hotel -> They didn’t stay at the Carlton Hotel.
Karena “did” merupakan bentuk lampau, maka kata kerja utama tidak mengalami perubahan.
Example :
1. I didn’t meet him at the station last week
2. They didn’t come to my house yesterday afternoon
3. Alex and Jhon didn’t play badminton last Sunday
5.3 Kalimat Tanya (Interrogative sentence ) Pertanyaan dibuat dengan menempatkan did sebelum subjek
Did + S + V1
Example :
1. Did you play tennis with him last Saturday ?
2. Did Alex call you back last night ?
3. Did you receive the letter last week ?
4. Did you buy this new dictionary at a bookshop yesterday ?
5. Did they stay at the Vivaldi Hotel?
Kata kerja utama juga tidak berubah (tidak diganti menjadi bentuk lampau),
contoh:
- You lived in Japan -> Did you lived in Japan? (tidak benar)
- You lived in Japan -> Did you live in Japan? (benar)
Kata kerja tidak beraturan
Ada banyak kata kerja simple past tense yang tidak beraturan (irregular verbs) dalam bahasa Inggris, yakni tidak ditambahkan -ed. Berikut beberapa kata kerja tidak beraturan yang paling umum.
be - was/were
become - became
begin - began
break - broke
bring - brought
build - built
buy - bought
catch - caught
choose - chose
come - came
do - did
draw -drea
eat - ate
feel - felt
fight - fought
find - found
fly - flew
forget - forgot
get - got
give - gave
go - went
have - had
hear - heard
hit - hit
know - knew
learn - learnt/learned
leave - left
lose - lost make - made
meet - met
pay - paid
read - read
ride - rode
run - run
say - said
sell - sold
send - sent
shut - shut
sing - sang
sit - sat
sleep - slept
smell - smelt/smelled
speak - spoke
stand - stood
swim - swam
take - took
teach - taught
tell - told
think - thought
understand - understood
wear - wore
win - won
write - wrote
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Formula :
( + ) : S + was / were + Ving
( - ) : S + was not / were not + Ving
( ? ) : Was / Were + S + Ving
6.1 Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada suatu waktu tertentu pada waktu lampau
Example :
1. I was sleeping when my friend came to my house yesterday
2. We were having breakfast at 6.30 this morning
3. Alex was swimming with his friends at 5.00 o’clock yesterday afternoon
6.2 Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau kemudian kejadian lainya menyusul
Example :
1. Mother was reading a magazine when I called her this morning
2. Alex was waiting for a bus when I met yesterday afternoon
3. My little sister was watching television when I came home last night
6.3 Kalimat Tanya (Interrogative sentence )
Example :
1. Were you playing tennis at 5.00 o’clock yesterday afternoon
2. Was your brother doing his homework when I called him this morning
3. Were they swimming at 4.00 o’clock yesterday afternoon
6.4 Kalimat Menyangkal ( Negative Sentence )
Example :
1. I wasn’t doing my homework at 5.00 oclock yesterday afternoon
2. We weren’t playing outside when the teacher came this morning
3. Father and Mother weren’t watching television when Alex came home last night
Ingat-ingat perubahan dan pasangan TO BE nya ya.
Tobe: is, am berubah menjadi WAS
Tobe: are berubah menajdi WERE
I, She, He, It, John, Merry pasangannya adalah WAS
We, They, John and Merry pasangannya adalah WERE.
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VII. Past Perfect Tense
Formula :
( + ) : S + had + V3
( - ) : S + had + not + V3
( ? ) : Had + S + V3
7.1 Past Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau ( dan sudah selesai ), kemudian diikuti suatu peristiwa lain sebagai keterangan atas kejadian pertama yang sudah selesai
Examaple
1. I had gone When He arrived at my home
2. He had sold the car when I came to see it yesterday afternoon
3. Father had left for office when I got up this morning
4. Alex had got a permanent job before I bought this house last month
5. Sister had written 3 articles when you visited my blog for the first time
6. I had studied hard but I didn’t make good result in the exam.
7. You had told me twice before I understood.
7.2 Past Perfect Tense Dalam Kalimat Negatif
Example :
1. I had not studied hard, so I didn’t make good result
2. You had not told me that, that’s why I didn’t understand
3. I had gone not When He arrived at my home
4. He had not sold the car when I came to see it yesterday afternoon
5. Father had not left for office when I got up this morning
6. Alex had not got a permanent job before I bought this house last month
7.3 Past Perfect Tense Dalam Kalimat Tanya
1. Had you gone When He arrived at my home ?
2. Had he sold the car when I came to see it yesterday afternoon ?
3. Had Father left for office when I got up this morning ?
4. Had Alex got a permanent job before I bought this house last month ?
5. Had Sister written 3 articles when you visited my blog for the first time ?
6. Had she studied hard but I didn’t make good result in the exam ?.
VIII. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula :
( + ) : S + had + been + Ving
( - ) : S + had + not + been + Ving
( ? ) : Had + S + been + Ving
8.1 Past Perfect Continuous Tense dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Grammar digunakan untuk menyatakan hal atau peristiwa yang sesuatu yang TELAH dan SEDANG terjadi dimasa LAMPAU. Dalam setiap tenses yang mengandung Perfect Continuous, maka “sedang” nya itu mengandung arti “sudah dimulai, masih terjadi, dan masih terus”, lebih panjang periodenya, dan itu bisa kini (present), bisa dulu (past) dan bisa akan datang (future).
Contoh:
Kemarin teman saya datang ke rumah saya, ketika itu saya sedang memperbaiki kulkas. Waktu dia sampai saya sudah mulai kerja, dan saya lanjutkan pekerjaan tersebut sambil ngobrol sama dia. Untuk menyatakan kejadian “membetulkan kulkas” tersebut kita gunakan Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
Berdasarkan Contoh peristiwa diatas maka kalimatnya begini:
-I had been repairing freezer when my friend came to my house
Contoh lain:
1. My sister had been taking English for 3 years in april 2004
2. Alex had been working for this company for 5 years when he celebrated his 21th birthday last month
3. I had been waiting for them for 2 hours when I got a phone call from my friend at 9.00 o’clock this morning
8.2 Kalimat Tanya Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
Example :
1. Had My sister been taking English for 3 years in april 2004 ?
2. Had Alex been working for this company for 5 years when he celebrated his 21th birthday last month ?
3. Had You been waiting for them for 2 hours when I got a phone call from my friend at 9.00 o’clock this morning ?
Note Book :
Tips untuk memperkuat pengertian Anda tentang Tenses:
Setiap tenses yang mengandung “Past” pasti pakai kata kerja atau kata kerja bantu bentuk ke-2. Dalam Past Perfect Continuous Tense ini kata kerja bentuk ke-2 atau V2 nya adalah HAD. Bentuk pertamanya adalah Have/has. Urutannya: Have-had-had.
Setiap tenses yang yang mengandung kata “Perfect” pasti pake kata kerja atau kata kerja bentuk ke-3. Dimana kata kerja ketiganya di Past Perfect Continuous Tense ini? Ia terletak pada “Been” nya itu. Been adalah bentuk ke-3 atau V3 dari be (tobe). Urutannya: tobe (am, is are) – (was, were) – been.
Setiap tenses yang mengandung kata “Continuous” pasti menggunakan kata kerja bentung ING atau saya singkat Ving. Present Continuous Tense, Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense dan sebagainya pasti pakai Ving.
IX. Future Tense
Formula :
( + ) : S + will + V1
( - ) : S + will + not + V1
( ? ) : Will + S + V1
9.1 Future Tense Future digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang Akan Terjadi. Future tense adalah tentang Nanti. Sesuatu arti katanya Future yaitu “Masa Depan”. Karena itu dalam Future Tense penggunaan kata Will, Shall yang artinya akan pastilah mendominasi.
Setiap Future pasti pakai WILL atau SHALL, artinya AKAN.
Example :
1. I will return these books tomorrow morning
2. We will go to the beach next Sunday
3. They will visit Tokyo next month
4. He will take his mother to the hospital this afternoon.
9.2 Future Tense Kalimat Negatif
Example :
1. I will not return these books tomorrow morning
2. We will not go to the beach next Sunday
3. They will not visit Tokyo next month
4. He will not take his mother to the hospital this afternoon.
9.3 Future Tense Kalimat Tanya
Example :
1. Will you return these books tomorrow morning ?
2. Will we go to the beach next Sunday ?
3. Will They visit Tokyo next month ?
4. Will he take his mother to the hospital this afternoon ?.
Tentunya karena Future Tense bicara “Akan” maka keterangan waktu berikut biasa ditambahkan: tomorrow, next month, three days to go, next year dan segala sesatu yang menunjukkan “akan” tersebut.
-You will swim together tomorrow
-They will visit Tokyo next year
-No one will stop us now from loving each other
-I dont think They will come on time
X. Future Continuous Tense
10.1 Future continuous tense digunakan untuk menunjukansuatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung/segera dilakukan pada suatu saat tertentu pada waktu mendatang, khususnya jika kita mebayangkan (imagine) bahwa kita sendirian yang akan melakukan kegiatan itu, untuk menunjukannya, Future continuous tense sering menggunakan kata work, learn, live, rain, sit, wait
S + Shall/Will + be + Ving
Example :
1. We will be doing these English Exercise before 5.00 o’clock this afternoon
2. I will be leaving for padang by train if you come to my house
at 7.00 o’clock tomorrow afternoon
3. I will be returning these books to the library if you come to pick me up at
my house at 9.00 o’oclock tomorrow morning
10.2 Future continuous tense juga digunakan untuk menunjukan sesuatu yang telah direncanakan atau dipoutuskan sebelumnya
Example :
1. My father n mother will be spending their summer holidays in hawai next month
2. Irma and sri will be going to shop at the city center tonight
3. I will be meeting my father at the airport this afternoon
XI. Future Perfect Tense
11.1 Future perfect tense sering digunakan dengan kata by, till/until untuk menunjukan bahwa suatu kejadian/kegiatan sudah akan berakhir, selesai pada waktu tertentu pada waktu yang Akan datang. Untuk menunjukan kejadian/peristiwa seperti ini, biasanya digunakan kata complete, finish, retire dan kata sejenis lainya.
S + will + Have + past participle + ..
Example :
1. They will have finished painting this building by the end of this month
2. He will have completed his thesis by next month
3. My father will have resigned from this company by next
4. I will have return from English by the end of this month
11.2 Pembentukan Kalimat Tanya
Dalam Future perfect tense terdapat dua auxiliary yaitu, Will dan Have untuk membentuk kalimat Tanya, hanya Will yang ditempatkan didepan subjeck kalimat
Will + Subject + have + past participle + ...
Example :
1. Will they have left this village by tomorrow morning ?
2. Will You have returned the books to the library by next Monday ?
3. Will your father have resigned from his office before they can get his
successor ?
XIII. Simple Past Future
Simple past future tense yaitu bentuk waktu yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dikerjakan pada masa lampau
Formula :
S + would + verb1+ object + modifier
S + [(was/were) going to] + verb1+ object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Farmers in Jati Bali would grow rice crops last month.
(Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi bulan lalu).
2. Some students would conduct research on vegetative plant propagations last
semester.
(Beberapa siswa akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif
semester lalu).
3. Transpiration would start to increase at 8 a.m. this morning.
(Transpirasi akan mulai meningkat jam 8 tadi pagi).
Penggunaan Past Future Tense
Pada prinsipnya, past future tense mirip dengan simple future tense dan ketentuan-ketentuan yang berlaku pada simple future tense umumnya juga berlaku pada past future tense. Tetapi, karena bergulirnya waktu, simple future tense bergeser dari future time ke past time menjadi past future tense. Untuk menjelaskan ini, di sini akan digunakan konsep dan contoh-contoh pada future tense.
Past Future Tense, seperti halnya simple future tense, dapat digunakan dalam 5 kategori, yaitu:
13.1 Untuk menyatakan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang pernah diprediksi akan terjadi/dilakukan pada saat tertentu di masa lampau.
Untuk memahami perbedaann past future tense dengan simple future tense, mari kita perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan pada simple future tense berikut ini:
1. According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
(Menurut ramalam cuaca, hujan akan turun besok).
2. None of us have done the homework the teacher told us to do.
He will be very disappointed when he finds out.
3. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight.
I think Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, will come too.
4. I will probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. The damage we do to our forest today will result in severe catastrophes
sooner or later in the future.
Penjelasannya :
• According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalam cuaca, hujan akan turun besok).
Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kalimat ini juga berarti:
• Menurut ramalan cuaca, hujan akan turun tanggal 3 Mei.
Kemudian, karena waktu terus bergulir, anggap sekarang sudah tanggal 4 Mei. Berarti, yang diprediksi tadi (i.e. hujan akan turun) sudah dalam past time, yaitu “kemarin”. Jadi prediksi tadi harus dinyatakan dalam past future tense menjadi:
1. According to the weather forecast, it would rain yesterday. Atau,
According to the weather forecast, it was going to rain yesterday. Dan begitu juga dengan kalimat-kalimat 2-5 di atas seiring dengan bergulirnya waktu berturut-turut akan menjadi:
2. We thought that he would be very disappointed when we didn’t do the homework two days ago. Atau, We thought that he was going to be very disappointed when we didn’t do the homework two days ago.
3. Ronny came to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. I thought Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, would come too but she didn’t. Atau, I thought Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, was going to come too but she didn’t.
4. I would probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch. Atau, I was probably going to see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. The damage we do to our forest today will result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.
Note: Jika yang diprediksi pada saat pengungkapan kembali masih in future time, (dalam analogi di atas, masih belum tanggal 4 Mei), tetap gunakan simple future tense. (Lihat contoh 5 di atas dan contoh 4 di bawah).
13.2 Untuk menyatakan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang direncanakan akan terjadi/dilakukan pada saat tertentu di masa lampau.
Dengan menggunakan analogi pada kategori 1, kalimat dalam simple future tense berikut:
1. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight.
2. He has an appointment. He is going to meet his business partner at noon.
3. I am going to go to the shopping. Do you want to go with me?
4. The next world cup championship is going to be held in South Africa in 2010.
5. He is going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning.
seiring dengan berulirnya waktu akan dinyatakan dalam past future tense menjadi:
1. Ronny was going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago but he couldn’t come because of the pouring rain. Atau, Ronny would come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago but he couldn’t come because of the pouring rain.
2. He was going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago but he suddenly got sick just half an hour before the meeting. Atau, He would meet his business partner at noon two days ago but he suddenly got sick just half an hour before the meeting.
3. I was going to go to the shopping mall when I asked whether you wanted to go with me two days ago. Atau, I would go to the shopping mall when I asked whether you wanted to go with me two days ago.
4. The next world cup championship is going to be held in South Africa in 2010. Kalimat ini tidak berubah karena aktivitas dari yang direncanakan masih akan dilakukan tahun depan.
5. He was going to leave for Bali yesterday morning but the flight was cancelled. Atau, He would leave for Bali yesterday morning but the flight was cancelled.
Note:
a). Dalam past future tense, pola yang pertama juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan rencana.
b). Jika yang direncanakan itu terjadi/dilakukan, maknanya sudah berubah menjadi kejadian/aktivitas yang terjadi in the past (past tense) atau sedang berlangsung in the past (past continuous tense), tergantung keterangan waktunya.
1. Ronny was being at my house at 7 p.m. two days ago.
(Ronny sedang di rumah saya jam 7 malam 2 hari lalu).
2. He was meeting his business partner at noon two days ago.
(Dia sedang meeting dengan rekan bisnisnya jam 12 siang dua hari lalu).
3. I went to the shopping mall two days ago.
(Saya pergi ke shopping mall 2 hari lalu).
4. He left for Bali yesterday morning.
(Dia berangkat ke Bali kemarin pagi).
13.3 Untuk membuat main clause unreal conditionals tipe 1, yaitu conditional yang faktanya dalam simple present tense atau simple future tense.
1. If I were you, I would study harder.
(Jika saya adalah kamu, saya akan belajar lebih giat).
2. The crops would not fail to produce if the rain fell.
(Tanaman-tanaman tidak akan gagal berproduksi jika hujan turun).
3. They would not need to lime the soil if it were not acidic.
(Mereka tidak akan perlu mengapur tanah jika tanah tersebut tidak masam).
13.4 Untuk membuat kalimat tak langsung (indirect speech), jika kalimat langsungnya menggunakan simple future tense.
Contoh:
1. My boyfriend told me that he would marry me.
(Pacar saya berkata kepada saya bahwa dia akan mengawini saya).
2. An agronomist said that the soil would be more productive if we fertilized it.
(Seorang ahli agronomi bilang bahwa tanah akan lebih produktif jika kita
memupuknya).
3. Dean made an announcement that the final exams would be started in two weeks
(Dekan mengumumkan bahwa ujian-ujian akhir akan dimulai dua minggu mendatang).
13.5 Untuk membuat request atau command menjadi lebih formal atau lebih sopan. Note: would lebih formal/sopan dibandingkan will.
Contoh:
1. Would you turn down the TV volume, please! It’s too loud.
(Tolong kecilkan volume TV. Volumenya terlalu keras).
2. I didn’t go to school yesterday, so would you please lend me your note?
(Saya tidak sekolah kemarin. Tolong pinjami saya catatan kamu?).
3. If you’re free, would you go to see a movie with me tonight?
(Jika kamu tidak sibuk, maukah kamu nonton film dengan saya malam ini?).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Past Future Tense adalah dengan menambahkan not setelah would atau setelah be (was/were) seperti terlihat pada pola berikut:
Subject + would + not + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + [(was/were) + not + going to] + verb1+ object + modifier
Contoh:
1. According to the weather forecast, it would not rain yesterday.
2. We thought that he wouldn’t be very happy when we didn’t do the homework.
3. Ronny came to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago.
I thought Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, wouldn’t come but she did.
4. I wouldn’t probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. Ronny wasn’t going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago.
6. He wasn’t going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago.
7. I wasn’t going to go to the shopping when I met you two days ago.
8.He wasn’t going to leave for Bali yesterday morning
Yes/No Questions
Would + subject + verb1+ object + modifier?
(Was/Were) + subject + going to + verb1+ object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. According to the weather forecast, would it rain yesterday? to the weather
2. Would Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, come too?
3. Would you probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch two days ago?
4. Was Ronny not going to come to your house at 7 p.m. two days ago?
5. Was he going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago?
6. Were you going to go to the shopping when you asked whether I wanted to go
with you two days ago?
7. Was he going to leave for Bali yesterday morning?
XIV. Past Future Continuous Tense
Formula :
Subject + would + be +( verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Subject + [(was/were) going to] + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Farmers in Jati Bali would be growing rice crops at 9 a.m. yesterday.
(Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan sedang menanam padi jam 9 pagi kemarin).
2. Some students were going to be conducting research on vegetative plant
propagations when I go to the agronomy laboratory last week.
3. Transpiration would be starting to increase at 8 a.m. this morning.
(Transpirasi akan sedang mulai meningkat jam 8 pagi ini).
Penggunaan Past Future Continuous Tense
Penggunaan past future continuous tense pada prinsipnya sama dengan future continuous tense. Yang membedakan adalah jika future continuous tense menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung in the future, past future continuous tense menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung in the past. Dengan kata lain, past future continuous tense adalah mengungkapkan kembali prediksi atau rencana yang akan sedang terjadi/dilakukan, dan prediksi/rencana tersebut sekarang sudah bergeser dari future time ke past time.
Untuk lebih memahami perbedaan antara kedua tensis ini, silakan gunakan kembali analogi yang digunakan pada past future tense. Tulisan ini juga dibuat dengan menggunakan konsep dan contoh-contoh pada future continuous tense. Perhatikan dan bandingkan perbedaan waktunya.
Past Future Continuous Tense digunakan:
14.1 Untuk menyatakan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang diprediksi/direncanakan akan sedang terjadi/dilakukan pada waktu yang spesifik di masa lampau. Note: Spesifikasi waktu biasanya dinyatakan dengan menyatakan jam (i.e. jam berapa kejadian/aktivitas itu diprediksi/direncanakan akan berlangsung/dilakukan) dan time clause.
Contoh:
1. My daughter would be watching TV at eight o’clock last night.
(Putri saya akan sedang nonton TV jam 8 tadi malam).
2. She would be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning.
(Dia akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi ini).
3. I would be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday.
(Saya akan sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya
jam 2 sore Jumat lalu).
4. I would be being busy at 8 o’clock yesterday morning.
(Saya akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi kemarin).
5. They would be being very happy at 9 o’clock last Saturday night.
(Mereka akan sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu lalu).
7. They would be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. yesterday.
(Mereka akan sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa Inggris jam 10 pagi kemarin).
8. We would be watching a football game at 11 p.m. last night.
(Kami akan sedang nonton pertandingan sepak bola jam 11 tadi malam).
14.2 Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang yang direncanakan akan sedang terjadi/berlangsung di masa lampau, yang terinterupsi oleh kejadian yang lain. Dalam hal ini, formulanya adalah sebagai berikut:
When + subject1 + simple past, subject2 + past future continuous
Subject1 + past future continuous + when + subject2 + simple past
Note: Kejadian/aktivitas yang menginterupsi dinyatakan dalam simple past tense dan berfungsi sebagai keterangan waktu; Sisipkan tanda koma, jika letaknya sebelum past future continuous. Namun, koma tidak diperlukan jika ditempatkan setelah past future continuous.
Contoh:
1. When I arrived home last night, my daughter would be watching TV.
(Ketika saya tiba di rumah tadi malam, putri saya akan sedang nonton TV).
2. When I called him last night, he would be playing card with his friends.
(Ketika saya telpon dia tadi malam, dia sedang main kartu dengan teman2nya).
3. I would be waiting for you outside the class when you finished your exam.
(Saya akan sedang menunggu di luar kelas ketika kamu selesai ujian).
14.3 Untuk menyatakan dua kejadian/aktivitas yang diprediksi atau direncanakan akan sedang terjadi/dilakukan pada saat bersamaan di masa lampau. Dalam hal ini, gunakan
formula :
While + subject1 + past future continuous, subject2 + past future continuous
Subject1 + future continuous + while + subject2 + future continuous
Contoh:
1. While I would be typing another note last night, my family would be watching TV in the family room. (Sementara saya sedang mengetik catatan yang lain tadi malam, keluarga saya akan sedang nonton TV di ruang keluarga).
2. While the president would be giving his speech last Monday, the audience would be listening to him carefully. (Sementara presiden sedang berpidato Senin lalu, pemirsa/hadirin akan sedang mendengarkannya dengan seksama).
3. Male students would be playing around while the female ones would be chitchatting.
4. My roommate would be snoring loudly while I would be studying. (Teman sekamar saya sedang mendengkur keras sementara saya sedang belajar).
5. We would be smoking while others would be drinking. (Kami akan sedang merokok sementara yang lain akan sedang minum).
6. John would be washing dishes while Jane would be making dinner. (John akan sedang mencuci piring sedangkan Jane akan sedang masak untuk makan malam).
7. My dad would be having his colleagues over while my brother would be studying for his final exam last Sunday. Bapak saya akan sedang menjamu kolega-koleganya di rumah sementara kakak saya akan sedang belajar untuk ujian akhirnya.
14.4 Untuk menyatakan kembali suatu hal atau kejadian/aktivitas yang diyakini/benar-benar akan segera terjadi di masa lampau.
Contoh:
1. I thought the sun would be shining soon.
(Saya kira matahari akan segera sedang bersinar).
2. Because the clouds were very dark and thick yesterday, we believed it would be raining soon. (Karena awannya sangat gelap dan tebal, kita yakin huja akan segera turun).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam past future continuous tense dibuat dengan menambahkan ‘not’ setelah auxilliary would, atau setelah be was/were, seperti yang terlihat dalam pola berikut:
Subject + would + not + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Subject + [(was/were) + not + going to] + be +(verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Note: Would not dapat dikontraksi menjadi wouldn’t.
Contoh:
1. My daughter would not be watching TV at eight o’clock last night.
(Putri saya tidak akan sedang nonton TV jam 8 tadi malam).
2. She would not be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning.
(Dia tidak akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi ini).
3. I would not be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday.
(Saya tidak akan sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas
saya jam 2 sore Jumat lalu).
4. I would not be being busy at 8 o’clock yesterday morning.
(Saya tidak akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi kemarin).
5. They would not be being very happy at 9 o’clock last Saturday night.
(Mereka tidak akan sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu lalu).
7. They wouldn’t be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. yesterday.
(Mereka tidak akan sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa Inggris jam 10 pagi kemarin).
8. We wouldn’t be watching a football game at 11 p.m. last night
(Kami tidak akan sedang nonton pertandingan sepak bola jam 11 tadi malam).
Yes/No Questions
Would + subject + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
(Was/Were) + subject + [going to] + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. Would your daughter be watching TV at eight o’clock last night? Would she be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning?.
2. Would you be discussing English with your classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday?
3. Would I be being busy at 8 o’clock yesterday morning?
4. Would they be being very happy at 9 o’clock last Saturday night?
5. Would she be studying Economics at the University of Toronto this time last year
6. Would they be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. yesterday
7. Would we be watching a football game at 11 p.m. last night
XV. Past Future Perfect Tense
Past Future Perfect Tense mengikuti pola berikut:
Subject + would + have + verb3 + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Farmers in Jati Bali would have grown rice crops by the end of last month.
2. Some students would have conducted research on vegetative plant propagations for one year when the semester started last month.
3. Transpiration would have started to increase before we measured it at 9 a.m. yesterday
Penggunaan Past Future Perfect Tense
Past future perfect tense pada prinsipnya adalah pengungkapan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang dinyatakan dengan future perfect tense, yang keterangan waktunya telah bergeser dari future time ke past time. Karena kedua tensis ini mirip, posting ini menggunakan konsep dan contoh-contoh kalimat pada future perfect tense. Perhatikan dan bandingkan perubahan predikat dan keterangan waktunya. Gunakan analogi pada past future tense jika masih bingung. Are you ready? Let’s get started.
Past Future Perfect Tense digunakan:
1. Untuk menyatakan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang pernah diprediksi atau direncanakan akan sudah terjadi/sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum atau hingga batas waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Note:
Pada umumnya, tensis ini diawali oleh clause yang mengandung makna prediksi, ekspektasi atau rencana. Verbs yang digunakan antara lain: think, hope, expect, plan, intend, assume, etc.
Contoh:
1. I predicted that by 3 p.m. yesterday, I would have finished reading this book.
2. I thought Barcelona would have scored three goals when the first half was over. Because its opponent was tough, however, it didn’t score even a single goal.
3. Because of the terrible traffic we knew that dad’s plane would have already arrived by the time we got to the airport yesterday.
4. My dad planned that he would have been home when my mom gave birth last month. He didn’t make it though because he had an immigration documentation problem.
5. I thought I would have already fallen asleep by the time Joni got home last night. I don’t know why I was still awake when he did.
Note:
Jika pada future perfect tense, time clause dinyatakan dalam simple present tense, pada tensis ini dinyatakan dengan simple past tense. Misalnya: when the first half was over (pada contoh 2), by the time we got to the airport (pada contoh 3), etc.
2. Untuk menyatakan kembali kegiatan/aktivitas yang pernah diprediksi atau direncanakan akan sudah terjadi/sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum kejadian/aktivitas yang lain di masa lampau. Note: Dalam kategori ini, kedua aktivitas dilakukan oleh subject yang sama. Coba bandingkan dengan past perfect tense kategori kedua!
Contoh:
1. I assumed that John would have traveled around the world before he got married last year.
2. She thought that she would have read the entire book before she went to campus yesterday afternoon.
3. I predicted that I would already have had enough time to eat before I played badminton last night.
4. They thought he would have already bought a gift before he went to his girlfriend’s birthday party last night.
5. I once predicted that he would have had more than 50 wives before he died. I was wrong. He turned out to be a very loving husband long time before he died last week.
Note: already bisa ditempatkan setelah would atau setelah have.
3. Untuk menyatakan kembali bahwa kejadian/aktivitas akan terus terjadi/dilakukan sampai batas waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
1. I thought I would have been at school only for 6 hours yesterday. In fact, I had to wait for another hour because my dad’s car broke down on the way to the school.
2. I was completely sure that on August 17, I would have lived in this house for 10 years sharp.
3. I expected that I would have slept for 8 hours last night but I was awoken by my neighbor’s long big fight at 1 a.m. It was very loud and I couldn’t fall asleep till morning.
4. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he would have worked for this company for forty-five years.
5. She never expected that she would have waited for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night.
4. Untuk membuat main clause unreal conditionals tipe 2, yaitu jika faktanya dalam past future tense atau simple past tense.
Contoh:
1. If you had told me about the today’s exam, I would have studied hard last night.
2. If you had not passed the English I, you would not have been allowed to take the English II.
3. He wouldn’t have got an accident, if he had not driven fast.
4. If my parents hadn’t got divorced, I would’ve been much happier.
5. If I hadn’t got a scholarship, I wouldn’t have been able to afford the school expenses.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Past Future Perfect Tense mengikuti pola berikut:
Subject + would + not + have + verb3 + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Because of its thickness, I knew that I would not have finished reading it by 3 p.m. yesterday.
2. I never thought that Barcelona wouldn’t have scored even a single goal when the first half was over.
3. We expected that dad’s plane wouldn’t have arrived yet by the time we got to the air port yesterday. But we were late because the traffic was so terrible.
4. Because of an immigration documentation problem, my dad knew that he wouldn’t have been home when my mom gave birth last month.
5. I hoped that when Joni arrived home last night, I would not have fallen asleep yet.
6. I assumed that John wouldn’t have traveled around the world before he got married last year.
7. She thought that she wouldn’t have read the entire book before she went to campus yesterday afternoon.
8. I predicted that I wouldn’t have had enough time to eat before I played badminton last night.
9. They thought he wouldn’t have bought a gift before he went to his girlfriend’s birthday party last night.
10. I once predicted that he wouldn’t have had more than 50 wives before he died.
11. I thought I wouldn’t have been at school for 7 hours yesterday.
12. I was completely sure that on August 17, I wouldn’t have lived in this house for 10 years yet.
13. I expected that I wouldn’t have slept for 4 hours last night.
14. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he wouldn’t have worked for this company for fifty years.
15. She expected that she wouldn’t have waited for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Would + subject + have + verb3 + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. If I had told you about the today’s exam, would you have studied hard last night? (Jika saya telah beri tahu kamu bahwa ada ujian hari ini, apakah kamu akan telah belajar keras tadi malam?)
2. Would you have been allowed to take the English II if you had not passed the English I?
3. Would he have got an accident if he had not driven fast?
4. If your parents hadn’t got divorced, would you have been much happier?
5. If you hadn’t got a scholarship, would you have been able to afford the school expenses?
6. Would you have finished reading this book by 3 p.m. yesterday if it were thinner?
7. Would Barcelona have scored three goals when the first half was over if its opponent had been Indonesian team?
8. If the traffic hadn’t been terrible, would dad’s plane have arrived after you got to the airport?
9. Would he have been home when your mom gave birth last month if he hadn’t had an immigration documentation problem?
10. Would you have fallen asleep by the time Joni got home last night if you had taken a sleeping pill? Dan seterusnya.
Note:
Kalimat tanya dari tensis ini pada umumnya berupa conditional sentence seperti terlihat pada contoh-contoh di atas. Sekarang, coba bandingkan dengan cara berikut:
1. Did you assume that John would have traveled around the world before he got married last year?
2. Did you predict that she would have read the entire book before she went to campus yesterday afternoon?
3. Did I predict that I wouldn’t have had enough time to eat before I played badminton last night?
4. Did they think that he would have bought a gift before he went to his girlfriend’s birthday party last night?
5. Did you predict that he would have had more than 50 wives before he died?
XVI. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula:
Subject + would + have + been + ( verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Farmers in Jati Bali would have been growing rice crops for 40 years by the end of last month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan telah bercocok tanam padi selama 40 tahun sebelum akhir bulan lalu).
2. Some students would have been conducting research on vegetative plant propagations for one year when the semester started last month. (Beberapa siswa akan telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama 1 tahun ketika semester dimulai bulan lalu).
3. Transpiration would have been starting to increase for more than an hour when we measured it at 9 a.m. yesterday. (Transpirasi akan telah mulai meningkat selama lebih dari 1 jam ketika kita mengukurnya jam 9 pagi kemarin).
Penggunaan Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Penggunaan past future perfect continuous tense sama dengan penggunaan past future perfect tense kategori yang ketiga, yaitu untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian/aktivitas akan terus terjadi/dilakukan sampai batas waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Perhatikan contoh pada past future perfect tense kategori ketiga berikut:
1. I thought I would have been at school only for 6 hours yesterday. In fact, I had to wait for another hour because my dad’s car broke down on the way to the school.
2. I was completely sure that on August 17, I would have lived in this house for 10 years sharp.
3. I expected that I would have slept for 8 hours last night but I was awoken by my neighbor’s long big fight at 1 a.m. It was very loud and I couldn’t fall asleep till morning.
4. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he would have worked for this company for forty-five years.
5. She never expected that she would have waited for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night.
Dalam past future perfect continuous tense, kelima kalimat ini menjadi:
1. I thought I would have been being at school only for 6 hours yesterday. In fact, I had to wait for another hour because my dad’s car broke down on the way to the school.
2. I was completely sure that on August 17, I would have been living in this house for 10 years sharp.
3. I expected that I would have been sleeping for 8 hours last night but I was awoken by my neighbor’s long big fight at 1 a.m. It was very loud and I couldn’t fall asleep till morning.
4. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he would have been working for this company for forty-five years.
5. She never expected that she would have been waiting for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah dengan menambahkan kata bantu NOT setelah auxilliary WOULD seperti terlihat pada formula berikut:
Subject + would + not + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. I thought I wouldn’t have been being at school for 7 hours yesterday.
2. I was completely sure that on August 17, I wouldn’t have been living in this house for 10 years yet.
3. I expected that I wouldn’t have been sleeping for 4 hours last night.
4. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he wouldn’t have been working for this company for fifty years.
5. She expected that she wouldn’t have been waiting for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night.
Note: Seperti dituliskan dalam kelima contoh di atas, would + not dapat dikontraksi menjadi “wouldn’t“.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense dibentuk dengan menempatkan (inversi) auxililiary WOULD di depan subject kalimat:
Would + subject + not + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. Would you have been being at school for 7 hours yesterday if your dad’s car hadn’t broken down on the way to the school?
2. Would you have been living in this house for 10 years on August 17 if the house rent had been raised by the landlord?.
3. If your neighbor hadn’t had a long big fight last night, would you have been sleeping for 4 hours last night?
4. If Mr. Dodi were still strong, would he have been working for this company for more than fifty years?
5. Did she expect that she would have been waiting for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night?
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